scientific calculator

Evolution of the scientific calculator

The scientific calculator

While we could be the first to use fingers and toes for counting, mankind is busy creating machines to help with calculations for thousands of years. From the first counting devices, to modern calculators There has been plenty that has happened in between.

Today, students and professionals alike are equipped with technological calculators capable of performing complex mathematical functions while also solving problems. They are able to save huge amounts of time as compared to writing out individual questions and equations.

But how did they get from the earliest abacus thousands of years ago, to today's scientific calculator?

What is a scientific calculator?

Scientific calculators, also known as digital calculators are powered by electronics and will solve numerous calculations employed in mathematics, science and engineering.

Basic calculators typically have four core functions: adding, subtracting multiplication and division. Some sophisticated electronic calculators also include additional functions such as immediate percentage calculators. Scientific calculators, on the other hand, are capable of solving much more complex mathematical problems such as those found in probability or statistics.

Students are increasingly using scientific calculators for high school and college level education in classes like algebra and calculus. They are also used extensively as professional tools by architects and engineers, among others.

These days, much more advanced calculators are accessible. For instance graphing calculators. graphing calculator includes all the functions of a scientific one along with the ability of graphing input data.

History of the calculator

Early calculators

Humans first started using instruments to count at in the development of abacus the device that's so ancient that its exact source hasn't been proved. It's about moving a set of beads or balls from one side of the poles row to another.

In the 17th century, around the middle the first addition machine was developed. It could only be used for subtracting and adding by turning the dials.

Then, a series of variations on the addition machine led to the electronic calculators of the present. The first was Philip Hahn's spherical hand-cranked machine in 1778, and the first calculator produced commercially by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar in 1820.

Electronically advanced calculators

In the year 1954, IBM introduced the very first ever all transistor calculator. Previous calculators had all used vacuum tubes for operation but this model made use of around 3,000 transistors instead. It was a massive, bulky machine that could cost you as high as $83,210.

Pretty soon, inventors began producing smaller versions of the modern calculator. In 1967, the first hand-held calculator appeared on the scene. The basic interface of handheld calculators hasn't been changed in a significant way. It was released for commercial sale in 1970 It weighed 45 pounds and had ten numerical buttons that varied from zero to nine. The display could display digits up to twelve decimal points.

Pocket calculators

Through the 1970s, calculators continued to evolve. A first pocket calculator with an LED display was introduced by BUSICOM in the year 1971 and cost $395. Hewlett-Packard was next in 1975 by releasing their first handheld programmable calculator at $795.

By 1985, Casio had released the first graphing calculator, and rapidly continued to refine this model. Casio is still one of the most popular manufacturers of the scientific calculators in the way we use them to this day.

The first calculator that was scientific in nature.

In all the variants of the modern calculator the one that was released in 1968 Hewlett-Packard HP-9100A is regarded as the first calculator that was scientific in nature. It was based on transistor logic and the CORDIC algorithm for trigonometry and was based on RPN entry.

Since then, other brands have also taken over and taken over the market for scientific calculators, including Sharp, Casio and Canon. Casio is associated particularly with their popular FX series, including Casio's Casio FX-991EX, commonly used by schoolchildren.

Modern scientific calculators have functions

Modern scientific calculators can perform a core number of calculations and functions. Different makes and models may have additional functions.

Scientific notation

If the numbers are too massive and long to write into decimal format, then scientific notation is utilized instead. An example of scientific notation could be "m x 10n."

Arithmetic with floating point floating

This type of numerical representation is utilized when dealing with extremely small or massive numbers. It depicts calculations and figures using an approximal formula rather than an ordinary integer.

Trigonometry

Trigonometry requires measuring as well as finding the angles and angles of triangles relative to each other . It is typically taught as part of geometry in the educational system. Scientific calculators allow you to calculate trigonometric ratios and to represent them and formulas.

Constants

Scientific calculators also include shorthand buttons for constants like "pi" so you can effortlessly incorporate the constants into calculations and formulae.

Calculus

In high school level education calculus involves the exploration of concepts such as limits and functions. Scientific calculators allow you to solve limit problems without long, written calculations on paper and papers.

Fractions

Scientific calculators often display fractions in decimal numbers by default, but the different features of a scientific calculator let you express things such as fractions in a variety variations of format.

Complex numbers

In some mathematical equations, an imaginary number can be used and is denoted by "i." Scientific calculators permit you to calculate using complex numbers. These numbers are written in the form of "a + bi."

The best scientific calculators

The most accurate scientific calculator for middle schoolers

Casio FX 260 Solar II Scientific Calculator: available at Amazon
It is a light calculator that can be easily carried around in a locker. The tough outer case slides over to shield the calculator's screen from being damaged. It's also affordable, making it a little more affordable to replace in the event that it's lost or damaged.

Best scientific calculator for college and high school

Texas Instruments TI-36X Pro Scientific Calculator: available at Amazon
This calculator is suitable for all levels maths instruction at higher levels, such as college and high school including advanced algebra, calculus, geometrics and statistics. It is capable of handling extremely complicated equations, and it displays four lines of information.

Best scientific calculator for professionals

HP 35S Programmable Scientific Calculator is available from Amazon
If you are in the medical, scientific or engineering field this calculator is robust as it gets. You can select between RPN and algebraic input, and it has a comprehensive range of unit conversions among many other features.

Lauren Farrell is a writer for BestReviews. BestReviews is a review of products company with a mission to make it easier for you to make purchasing decisions and save you your time and dollars.

BestReviews spends many hours researching, analyzing and testing products to recommend the best picks for most consumers. BestReviews as well as its partners in the newspaper may earn a percentage of the purchase price if you purchase a particular product through one of our link.


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